段落或章节通常指语义连贯的子文档单元,通常对应单篇文章内的单一主题或子主题文本片段。文档分割被定义为自动预测文档的段(段落或章节)边界。已有的文档分割工作主要集中在书面文本上,主要包括无监督和有监督两大类方法。近年来,诸多研究者提出了许多基于神经网络的文本分割算法。比如,当前文本分割的 state of the art (SOTA) 是 Lukasik 等[1]提出的基于 BERT 的 cross-segment 模型,将文本分割定义为逐句的文本分类任务。同时,他们也提出使用两个 BERT 模型分别编码句子和文档,从而利用更长上下文的分层 BERT 模型 (Hier.BERT)。
然而,文档分割是一个强依赖长文本篇章信息的任务,逐句分类模型在利用长文本的语义信息时,容易面临模型性能的阻碍。而层次模型也存在计算量大,推理速度慢等问题。我们的目标是探索如何有效利用足够的上下文信息以进行准确分割以及在高效推理效率之间找到良好的平衡。此外,针对口语 ASR 转写稿的数据特性,比如 ASR 识别错误等,我们也进行了一部分针对性优化的工作。接下来,将主要从三个方面展开描述我们的工作,分别是方法介绍、实验结果和分析以及总结展望。
from langchain.text_splitter import CharacterTextSplitter import re from typing importList
classChineseTextSplitter(CharacterTextSplitter): def__init__(self, pdf: bool = False, sentence_size: int = 250, **kwargs): super().__init__(**kwargs) self.pdf = pdf self.sentence_size = sentence_size
defsplit_text(self, text: str) -> List[str]: if self.pdf: text = re.sub(r"\n{3,}", "\n", text) text = re.sub('\s', ' ', text) text = text.replace("\n\n", "") sent_sep_pattern = re.compile('([﹒﹔﹖﹗.。!?]["’”」』]{0,2}|(?=["‘“「『]{1,2}|$))') # del :; sent_list = [] for ele in sent_sep_pattern.split(text): if sent_sep_pattern.match(ele) and sent_list: sent_list[-1] += ele elif ele: sent_list.append(ele) return sent_list
分割结果:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
x:为了帮助用户提升信息获取及信息加工的效率,阿里巴巴达摩院语音实验室的口语语言处理团队实践了一系列针对音视频转写结果的长文本语义理解能力。 x:本文主要围绕其中的信息结构化段落分割相关能力进行介绍。 x:随着在线教学、会议等技术的扩展,口语文档的数量以会议记录、讲座、采访等形式不断增加。 x:然而,经过自动语音识别(ASR)系统生成的长篇章口语文字记录缺乏段落等结构化信息,会显著降低文本的可读性,十分影响用户的阅读和信息获取效率。 x:此外,缺乏结构化分割信息对于语音转写稿下游自然语言处理(NLP)任务的性能也有较大影响。 x:比如文本摘要和机器阅读理解之类的下游 NLP 应用通常在带有段落分割、格式良好的文本上进行训练和使用才能保证较好的效果和用户体验。 x:段落或章节通常指语义连贯的子文档单元,通常对应单篇文章内的单一主题或子主题文本片段。 x:文档分割被定义为自动预测文档的段(段落或章节)边界。 x:已有的文档分割工作主要集中在书面文本上,主要包括无监督和有监督两大类方法。 x:近年来,诸多研究者提出了许多基于神经网络的文本分割算法。 x:比如,当前文本分割的 state of the art (SOTA) 是 Lukasik 等[1]提出的基于 BERT 的 cross-segment 模型,将文本分割定义为逐句的文本分类任务。 x:同时,他们也提出使用两个 BERT 模型分别编码句子和文档,从而利用更长上下文的分层 BERT 模型 (Hier.BERT)。 x:然而,文档分割是一个强依赖长文本篇章信息的任务,逐句分类模型在利用长文本的语义信息时,容易面临模型性能的阻碍。 x:而层次模型也存在计算量大,推理速度慢等问题。 x:我们的目标是探索如何有效利用足够的上下文信息以进行准确分割以及在高效推理效率之间找到良好的平衡。 x:此外,针对口语 ASR 转写稿的数据特性,比如 ASR 识别错误等,我们也进行了一部分针对性优化的工作。 x:接下来,将主要从三个方面展开描述我们的工作,分别是方法介绍、实验结果和分析以及总结展望。
x:为了帮助用户提升信息获取及信息加工的效率,阿里巴巴达摩院语音实验室的口语语言处理团队实践了一系列针对音视频转写结果的长文本语义理解能力。本文主要围绕其中的信息结构化段落分割相关能力进行介绍。 x:随着在线教学、会议等技术的扩展,口语文档的数量以会议记录、讲座、采访等形式不断增加。然而,经过自动语音识别(ASR)系统生成的长篇章口语文字记录缺乏段落等结构化信息,会显著降低文本的可读性,十分影响用户的阅读和信息获取效率。此外,缺乏结构化分割信息对于语音转写稿下游自然语言处理(NLP)任务的性能也有较大影响。比如文本摘要和机器阅读理解之类的下游 NLP 应用通常在带有段落分割、格式良好的文本上进行训练和使用才能保证较好的效果和用户体验。 x:段落或章节通常指语义连贯的子文档单元,通常对应单篇文章内的单一主题或子主题文本片段。文档分割被定义为自动预测文档的段(段落或章节)边界。已有的文档分割工作主要集中在书面文本上,主要包括无监督和有监督两大类方法。 x:近年来,诸多研究者提出了许多基于神经网络的文本分割算法。比如,当前文本分割的 state of the art (SOTA) 是 Lukasik 等[1]提出的基于 BERT 的 cross-segment 模型,将文本分割定义为逐句的文本分类任务。同时,他们也提出使用两个 BERT 模型分别编码句子和文档,从而利用更长上下文的分层 BERT 模型 (Hier. x:BERT)。然而,文档分割是一个强依赖长文本篇章信息的任务,逐句分类模型在利用长文本的语义信息时,容易面临模型性能的阻碍。而层次模型也存在计算量大,推理速度慢等问题。我们的目标是探索如何有效利用足够的上下文信息以进行准确分割以及在高效推理效率之间找到良好的平衡。此外,针对口语 ASR 转写稿的数据特性,比如 ASR 识别错误等,我们也进行了一部分针对性优化的工作。 x:接下来,将主要从三个方面展开描述我们的工作,分别是方法介绍、实验结果和分析以及总结展望。
// 1. using function pointer directly; void(*func)(const std::string&)=callback; func("direct function pointer\n");
// 2. using typedef define func_pter type; func_ptr funcp=&callback; callprocess(func);
// 3. using lambda func defined in function. func_ptr lambda_func=[](const std::string& msg){std::cout<<"labmda function:"<<msg;}; callprocess(lambda_func);
std::cin.get(); return0; }
命名空间
using namespace 看上去简单,实际上难降低代码阅读性,cpp标准库命名蛇形,我们自定义函数可以使用帕斯卡,实现快速辨别
i am the resident lived in… /as a reader ,i always appreciate…
个 Reader Resident Citizen
官 President
Dear Editors, Ss a faithful reader of your newspaper. I always appreciate your insightful report of social issues.
目的
I am writing to express my concern over the abuse of plastic bags
建议 suggestion advice
道歉 apology
感谢 gratification
询问 inquire weather if
特殊 concern resignation…
分点
pieces of relevent information are as follows.
to begin with,furthermore,what’s more,besides,however,in addition,additionally
谢
i am extremely grateful for your understanding
联
please freely contact me if your have any questions about the details
回
i am looking forward to your reply without further delay.
templates真题模板
2005 工作信:辞职 two months ago you got a job as an editor for the mangine Desgins&Fasions. But you find that the job is not what you expected. you decide quit. Write a letter to your boss mr.wang, telling him your decision,stating your reason and making an apology.
2006 政务信:援助 You want to contribute to project hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. writing a letter to the department concerned,asking them to help finding a candidate.you should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.
2007 建议信:图书馆 writing a letter to your university library,making suggestion for improving its service.
2008 私人信:道歉 you have just come back from canada and find a music cd in your luggage that you forgot to return bob, your landlord there.writing him a letter to 1.making apology 2.suggest a solution.
2009 建议信:报社 white pollution ,plastic bag ignoring the restrictions. 1. give opinion 2.suggestion
2010 对众通知:协会志愿 you write for association a notice to recruit volunteers for international conference. notice include basic qualifications and other information
2011 私人信:推荐 write to friends to recommend movies and reasons.
2012 对众信:欢迎+建议 extend welcome and provide suggestions as students union for international students.
2013 邀请信:教授 invite a teacher in your college to be a judge for an english speech contest.
2014 私人信:建议 write to president of your university about improving physical condition.
2015 对众信:推荐 write email to club member as a host recommending book with reasons
2016 对众通知:介绍 providing information for international students newly-enrolled as a librarian in university.
2017 私人信:推荐 write to professor to recommend tourist attractions with reasons in your city.
2018 对众信:邀请 write an email to exports on campus inviting them to a graduation ceremony with details about time,place,others.
2019 对众回信:答疑 write an email to answer the inquiry from an volunteer in university,specifying details.
2020 对众通知:竞赛 stu union assign you to inform the singing contest for international stus.
2021 私人信:建议 write to your friend to give suggestions about hunting job.
2022 私人信:邀请 invite professor to organize a team for international innovation contest.
2023 通知
2024 信体
2005 工作信:辞职 two months ago you got a job as an editor for the mangine Desgins&Fasions.But you find that the job is not what you expected. you decide quit.Write a letter to your boss mr.wang, telling him your decision,stating your reason and making an apology.
1 2 3 4 5 6
dear mr.wang, i appreciate forthe opportunity of working here for two months as an editor for mangine Desgins&Fasions,and particularly your constant assistance.however,i am writing formally to give notice of resignation frommy post due to personal reasons. As a young man whose prmary interest isin computer programming rather than fashion designing,i find my present job does notaccord closely withmy previous training and strength.Therefore, i decide to vacate this job and find another one that better matches my educational background. please accept my sincerely apology for any inconvenience my leaving may cause.i will do my utmost to assist inthe hand-over process. your sincerely, li ming
2006 政务信:援助 You want to contribute to project hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. writing a letter to the department concerned,asking them to help finding a candidate.you should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.
1 2 3 4 5 6
dear officer, As a resident living in my country, it is my honor to provide assistance toa child in need ina remote area. Therefore, I have made the decision to provide financial aid toa child. i would be deeply grateful if you could help me seek out a girl who has just started schooling ina remote and poor area.besides,the plan i consider which may not so grateful isto pay her tuition fee and expenses in daily life till she finish thesecond term next year for nearly six months.further more,i would like to pay the donation directly tothe bank account controled herself. please contact me if you have any other questions about the plan or find a proper candidate.i will be extremely grateful if you can help me. your sincerely, li ming
2007 建议信:图书馆 writing a letter to your university library,making suggestion for improving its service.
1 2 3 4 5 6
dear sir or madam, I am a student at our university's law school, and I am writing to provide some useful suggestions for improving our library services. tobegin with,will you consider installing air-conditioner forthe whole library before this summer?itis totally hot when we are working or learning atthe reading room inthe library.in addition,Many students hope thatthe manager can provide a more spacious room for studying due tothe increasing population preparing for exams.this will benefit for all the students at school. i would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are going to take my suggestions into consideration.i am extremely grateful for your understanding. your sincerely, liming
2008 私人信:道歉 you have just come back from canada and find a music cd in your luggage that you forgot to return bob, your landlord there.writing him a letter to 1.making apology 2.suggest a solution.
1 2 3 4 5 6
dear bob, i am writing to make an apology to you formy mistake about finding your music cd inmy luggage.itisnotuntilthetime i arrived at home from Canada that i found it. to make up formy fault,i will send this cd backto you through EMS along with an extend cd you would prefer as a token ofmy apology.it will reach you inabout one week.besides, i will bring special gift for you when i go back. i would like to express my sincere apology for any inconvenience it may cause.i am looking fowrard to your rely soon. your sincerely, li ming
2009 建议信:报社 white pollution ,plastic bag ignoring the restrictions. 1. give opinion 2.suggestion
1 2 3 4 5 6
dear editors, as a fatihful reader of your newspaper, i always appreciate your insightful report of social issues.i am writing to express my suggestion regarding the issue of white pollution caused by abusing plastic bags. from now on, the problem of white pollution are still existed insome regions whilethe regulations which issued by goverment was despited.to solve the problem,i believe itis urge enough forthe goverment to further control this kind of phenomenon which may cause a deeply passive influence tothe environment.besides, i perfer social media raher than traditional methods to help adovcating the importance of environment protection. i will be extremely grateful if you can take my suggestions into consideation.i sincerely hope our living environment can be more and more beautiful. your sincerely, li ming
2015 对众信:推荐 write an email to club member as a host recommending a book with some reasons.
1 2 3 4 5 6
dear friends, as a host of upcoming reading session,i am writing to you to recommend a plain but moving book,we three,written by yangjiang,one of the most talent contemporary famale writers. with her greatest wisdom and perservence,yangjiang tells us love and support between her daughter,husband and her more than 60 years,and he experiences of being happily together and heartbreakingly apart.by depiciting the dreams as well as realities,this book shows us sorrows and joys in life.in addition,through this common but extraordinary family,we can see the personality of intellectuals at that time-cherishing their families and being diligent in their studies, and can deely realize the true meaning of life that happiness always comes along with troubles. i hope you will enjoy the book like me and share your impressions of it during the session. yours sincerely, li ming
2016 对众通知:介绍 please provide information for international students newly-enrolled as a librarian in university.
1 2 3 4 5 6
dear sir or madam, as a dedicated student who currently volunteers as a librarian,i am delighted to provide essential information about our library. firstand foremost,every student is required to present and varify their id card which serves as identifying basic information upon entering the library.in addition,if you want to borrow books for reading,the books need be processed by librarians onthefirst floor of library andthe borrowing peroid is limited to two months.furthermore,smoking and eating are strictly prohibited within the premises ofthe library. i am grateful for your understanding.should you have any extern questions about these rules,please do not hesitate to contact me. yours sincerely, li ming
2017 私人信:推荐 write to professor to recommend tourist attractions with reasons in your city.
1 2 3 4 5 6
dear prefessor, asthe president of students' union in out university,i am delighted to recommend some tourist attractions for you if you want to have a trip. firstand foremost,should you want to visit the iconic architectural masterpiece, the Imperial Palace andthe Tiananmen Square isthe place forit.the Imperial Palace was first built in Ming dinasity when the monarch migrate the capital to BeiJing in thriteen century whilethe Tiananmen Square built inisinfrontofit.besides,the Great Wall wherethe location is far away the center ofthe city is also a nice choice for trip.in addition, the Palace Museum which is inner the Imperial Palace collecting plentiy of masterpieces of antiques is popular for tourists. your consideringabout these recommendation are greatly appreciated.should you have any further quesions about these places,please freely contact me.I am looking forward to your reply soon. yours sincerely, li ming