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ubuntu镜像换源 环境变量配置 [镜像换源][官方源][指定LTS版本][环境变量]

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原文链接：ubuntu镜像换源 环境变量配置

linux服务器环境配置

系统配置

host

配置ip与主机名的配置，分布式系统需要配置

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sudo vim /etc/hosts

hostname

修改主机名称，需要与hosts中的配置保持一致

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sudo vim /etc/hostname

系统变量

  1. 使用export设置
    设置
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    export VARIABLE_NAME=variable_value
    删除
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    unset VARIABLE_NAME
  2. 直接编辑环境变量
    编辑系统环境变量
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    sudo vim /etc/profile
    export x=/usr/bin/x # 变量路径

保存后使用 source /etc/profile 生效

用户变量

用户变量一般在用户路径下~/.bashrc，与系统环境变量配置相同

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sudo vim ~/.bashrc

系统换源

apt镜像

apt源在路径/etc/apt/sources.list

先将当前源备份

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sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup

然后将需要的源输入保存后执行

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sudo apt-get update #更新源
sudo apt-get upgrade #安装该源更新软件

  1. 清华源 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/

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    # 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

    # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
    # # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

    deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

    # 预发布软件源，不建议启用
    # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    # # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

  2. 中科大源
    http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/
    http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/ubuntu.html

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# 默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

阿里源 https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/ubuntu

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deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

pip换源

如果不希望换源，可以直接在安装命令后加 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple指定源安装

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mkdir ~/.pip
touch ~/.pip/pip.conf

输入
[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
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清华 https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple/
中科大 https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple
豆瓣 http://pypi.douban.com/simple/
阿里云 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

注意

镜像源并不一定与初始源相同，而且对于不同发行版本也应该使用对应源，不同源会导致软件不适配问题。

如果出现问题可以切换源或者换回官方源

官方apt源

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#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 20.04 LTS _Focal Fossa_ - Release amd64 (20200423)]/ focal main restricted
 
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
 
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
 
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
 
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
 
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse
# This system was installed using small removable media
# (e.g. netinst, live or single CD). The matching "deb cdrom"
# entries were disabled at the end of the installation process.
# For information about how to configure apt package sources,
# see the sources.list(5) manual.

官方pip源，有些源在未发布时只存在test源中

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https://pypi.org/simple  
https://test.pypi.org/simple